EVAPORATION OF A FLUID INTO GAS The following discussion is based on the following assumptions: (1) Inside the water there is no heat exchange; (2) The water that has decreased in volume, due to the evaporation effect, will be replenished with the same water that has evaporated to the surface. In virtue...

UP TO WHAT TEMPERATURE CAN WATER BE COOLED The capacity of air to cool water, according to latent heat. Practical benefits. The physical states are well known: solid, liquid, gaseous. When an element goes from one physical state to another, it frees energy but, at the same time, it requires...

Water cooling takes place according to three phenomena: 1. CONDUCTION: (disposal of sensible heat1). The heat flows from a region with a higher temperature to a region with a lower temperature through one or more means that are in direct physical contact, in compliance with the laws of heat conduction...

COOLING WATER The concept of temperature and heat Temperature is a physical quantity that expresses the thermal state of an object. It is closely correlated to the amount of heat contained in the object itself. A hot body is characterized by the amount of energy stored as heat. The amount...

The system that allows used water that was heated during the cooling of a technological system to be cooled, thus making it again, and continuously, available to give continuity to the cooling cycles, is called “evaporative cooling tower”. Liquid refrigerant cooling is obtained through part evaporation of the same because...

Water as a means of energy-heat transportation Excessive heat not used by machines must be removed. This is important to avoid accumulated heat and, hence, compromise the functioning of the machines. One would think that a quick remedy for this type of problem is to use as an element such...

Why recycle water used for cooling industrial plants? Water is a precious resource. Wasting water, besides being a waste of money, precludes resources otherwise used for the benefits of all. For example, irrigation systems, sources of drinking water, and so on will be compromised if there is no water savings in...

The purpose of the fill material (or support material) is to give the most water surface as possible to the air, so that the same water can evaporate and, hence, become cool. The bigger the water surface exposed to the air, the more water gets cooled. The concept of film...

The lower the efficiency of a tower the more serious the situation in terms of performance and productivity. The tower is part of an overall system designed to dispose residual heat from a production plant or at least from an aforetime primary system. A decreasing of efficiency in cooling tower...

Vulnerabilities(1) Threats(2) Risks(3) Evaluation error of how much thermal load to dispose of Plant served by the tower is lacking efficiency Decrease in production and / or possible damage to the plant Lower cost Objective not achieved Ineffective or useless project A cooling tower project, like every project, could result...